Full Name
Loretta Roberson

Title
Associate Scientist

Loretta Roberson
Contact Information
Education
PhD, Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 2001
BS, Biology, California State University Northridge, 1994
MBL Affiliation
Location
Research Area
Eucheuma isiforme
Eucheuma isiforme

I am interested in how organisms respond to anthropogenic impacts on coastal marine systems as well as ways to help mitigate or reduce those impacts. As more and more people move to coastal areas and global processes influence local conditions, more pressure is placed on these systems, often with devastating results like the global coral bleaching event in 2016.  My lab has two main focus areas: (1) use of macroalgae as biomass for sustainable biofuel production and bioremediation and (2) understanding the mechanisms of calcification in corals.

Macroalgal biomass for biofuel production and bioremediation

We are focusing on the development of a tropical, red seaweed, Eucheuma isiforme, for the production of biomass for conversion to biofuels. We have put together a highly-interdisciplinary team from 10 institutions to design and develop a farm system that will not only mechanize the seeding and harvesting process to drastically reduce labor costs, but will also allow farms to be deployed in offshore areas for greatly expanded large-scale production. Partners include the Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDuPontC.A. Goudey and AssociatesUniversity of ConnecticutCINVESTAV-MeridaRutgers UniversityCariCOOSUniversity of Puerto RicoArgonne National Laboratory, and The Nature Conservancy.

Porites astreoides in the Marine Resource Center at the MBL
Porites astreoides in the Marine Resource Center at the MBL

By demonstrating the cost-effective production of biomass in underutilized areas of the Gulf of Mexico and tropical U.S. exclusive economic zones where year-round production is possible, we hope to disrupt current practices in the carrageenan market and reduce reliance on foreign imports. Currently, we are focusing on baseline data in three critical areas: the environmental impact of farm systems and their potential for use in bioremediation, the performance of algae and farm systems in rough offshore areas, and an economic and life cycle analysis of offshore algal farms. This project was selected for funding by The Department of Energy Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) Macroalgae Research Inspiring

Novel Energy Resources (MARINER) program. For info on the MARINER program, please visit:

To learn more about this project, check out the story The Era of Big Seaweed is Upon Us, by Rebecca Fanning.

Understanding the mechanisms of calcification in corals

Porites astreoides polyps
Porites astreoides polyps

Despite the importance of coral reefs to tropical, marine ecosystems, the biological components of the calcification process are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that corals regulate the movement of ions such as bicarbonate, calcium, and hydrogen to facilitate calcification and that some species are more tolerant of changes in their environment, yet the mechanisms behind these important processes and their molecular components are unknown. In particular, the details of how the symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) enhance calcification and their role in skeleton formation have not been identified to date. As threats such as climate change increase, understanding the mechanisms underlying coral calcification, and coral response to environmental change will be critical for the conservation of these fragile ecosystems. Interdisciplinary, multi-scale studies are therefore necessary to link molecular level changes to organismal and reef performance. Work has focused on the ubiquitous Caribbean coral, Porites astreoides from reefs in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. In addition to field work on population demographics, we have developed aquarium systems at the MBL to house these corals with the goal of producing a self-sustaining population that will spawn and produce larvae successfully in captivity. See her interview with Meteorologist Michael Page for NBC Boston.

Astrangia poculata polyp
Astrangia poculata polyp

To better understand the role of zooxanthellae in the production of the coral skeleton, we are using a little-known local coral, Astrangia poculata, that can be found from the Caribbean to its northern-most limit in Woods Hole, MA. These corals are intriguing not only for their wide range distribution spanning temperatures from 2 ºC to 25 ºC, both seasonally in the case of populations in New England and also throughout its range, they are one of the few corals that have a facultative symbiosis with their zooxanthellae (i.e., Astrangia can survive in both zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate or bleached states).  We are collaborating with the Astrangia working group led by Koty Sharp at Roger Williams University to develop this hardy coral into a new marine model organism for calcification and other studies. We are very interested in how this coral has adapted to changes in temperature and the impact on the role and functioning of their dinoflagellate symbionts.

Loretta Roberson works with
Scott Lindell
Scott Lindell
Research Specialist
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Hauke Kite-Powell
Hauke Kite-Powell
Research Specialist
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Selected Publications

Laissue PP, Roberson L, Gu Y, Qian C, Smith DJ. Long-term imaging of the photosensitive, reef-building coral Acropora muricata using light-sheet illumination. Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 25;10(1):10369. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7316744. 

Sánchez-García MA, Zottoli SJ, Roberson LM. Hypoxia has a lasting effect on fast-startle behavior of the tropical fish Haemulon plumieri. Biol Bull. 2019 Aug;237(1):48-62. PubMedPMID: 31441698. 

Toledo-Hernández C, Ruiz-Diaz CP, Díaz-Vázquez LM, Santiago-Cárdenas V, Rosario-Berrios DN, García-Almedina DM, Roberson LM. Comparison of chemical compounds associated with sclerites from healthy and diseased sea fan corals (Gorgonia ventalina). PeerJ. 2017;5:e3677. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5572935.

Mansour TA, Rosenthal JJ, Brown CT, Roberson LM. Transcriptome of the Caribbean stony coral Porites astreoides from three developmental stages. Gigascience. 2016 Aug 2;5(1):33. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4969664.

Navarro AE, Hernandez-Vega A, Masud ME, Roberson LM, Diaz-Vázquez LM. Bioremoval of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Native Caribbean Seaweed. Environments. 2016; 4(1):1. 

Keegan LP, Rosenthal JJ, Roberson LM, O'Connell MA. Purification and assay of ADAR activity. Methods Enzymol. 2007;424:301-17. PubMed PMID: 17662847.

Roberson LM, Rosenthal JJ. An accurate fluorescent assay for quantifying the extent of RNA editing. RNA. 2006 Oct;12(10):1907-12. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1581973.

Roberson LM, Coyer JA. Variation in blade morphology of the kelp Eisenia arborea: Incipient speciation due to local water motion? Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2004; 282:115-128. 10.3354/meps2821155. 

Denny M, Roberson L. Blade motion and nutrient flux to the kelp, Eisenia arborea. Biol Bull. 2002 Aug; 203(1):1-13. PubMed PMID: 12200251.