Misamore, M.J., and J.W. Lynn. 2000. Role of the cytoskeleton in sperm entry during fertilization in the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha. Biol. Bull 199:144-156.

This video using differential interference contrast microscopy is an equatorial view of the peripheral cytoplasm of a fertilized Dreissena
polymorpha
egg. The incorporated sperm nucleus is positioned diagonally just beneath the egg cortex at 2 o'clock. Cytoplasmic particles stream along the bare, incorporated axoneme from the basal area of the sperm towards the left of the video. This phenomena was observed in at least 50 different fertilization trials. Video was captured on s-VHS tape at 30 fps and digitized. The 11-second playback is in real time. For size comparison, the sperm nucleus is approximately 1.5 micrometers in length.


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